method and central network server for managing the automatic granting of a subscriber network identi

专利摘要:
SUBSCRIBER IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT INTERMEDIATE FOR FIXED/MOBILE NETWORKS. The present invention relates to a method for managing the automatic granting of a subscriber network identifier from a central network server to a signed communication device, the method comprising receiving notification at the central server regarding a change. in the current location for the subscribed device, and determine from the current notification for the subscribing device, and determined from the central server. The method further comprises selecting a home network identifier based on the current location, if the determining step determines that a new home network identifier is to be granted, and issuing the requested home network identifier for transmission to the subscribed device. The present invention also relates to managing the automatic connection of a subscribed communication device to a network, where a preferred network and the preferred subscriber network identifier can be used.
公开号:BR112012006522B1
申请号:R112012006522-0
申请日:2010-09-22
公开日:2021-05-25
发明作者:James Peter Tagg；Edward Thomas Guy Iii；Timothy Paul Evans；Robert Snijder；Igor Borisoglebski；Alistair James Campbell；Cláudio Miguel Canário Sequeira
申请人:Truphone Limited；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The present invention concerns the management of subscriber identification in communication networks. Specifically, the invention has special application in managing identities for users who are customers of one or more home networks as they roam between multiple visited networks. In one embodiment, the invention tracks subscriber network identifiers and can switch between the practical identifiers without losing track of the customer's primary identity. The customer's primary identity is usually a unique human being, but it can be a machine, or sometimes a business entity such as a department. Identifiers are generally the customer's IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identification) that resides in a SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) or their telephone number MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber Identification Number) or other important identifiers , such as MAC (Media Access Control) address, IP address, email address, and IMEI (Mobile Equipment Identifier) number. Background of the invention
[0002] The three most used networks in the world are the Internet, the mobile network and the fixed telephone network and since these networks are essentially connected by a variety of gateways, they form the largest single '"machine" on the planet . Subscribers roam these networks and connect at a variety of points with the use of credentials. These credentials are stored on smart cards ("smartcards"), such as SIMs, on the devices themselves or in the subscriber's head as "passwords". When a subscriber moves to a new part of the network, they must first identify themselves to that network and then gain access to that network using an authentication mechanism.
[0003] The patent Tagg WO 02/057869 described a method for users to connect to different parts of the Internet through a form of cooperative networking. This invention relates to a measure-mediated method for connecting to predominantly mobile networks.
[0004] In GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), authentication is performed using a SIM inserted into the mobile communication device. This manages the connection to the network and contains the network subscriber keys. There are two types of authentication, home authentication and roaming authentication. Home authentication is straightforward and simply requires exchanging a key with the home network to prove the subscriber's identification. When the subscriber user is connected to the home network it is relatively simple to obtain the key, verify it with the central database and then grant the subscriber user access to the network, while keeping track of its use for management purposes of invoice or credit. Typically, customers register to a network at a place of origin, such as a country, state or region. This place of origin holds the primary record of that customer (subscribing user) and maintains the billing relationship with him. The place of origin generally maintains a record of the person's current identification to allow for law enforcement activities after payment of the bill and the like. In the case where the communication device is connected to a foreign network, this process is more complex and is referred to as roaming.
[0005] 'Roaming' refers to the act of extending the connectivity of a service to a location that is different from the originating location. When a mobile communication device, such as a mobile phone, travels with a user outside its coverage area of the operator's home, "territory", the device can still access the services through roaming mechanisms/services. However, there is a growing number of people who live in more than one house and, of course, machines like planes and cars do not have a 'home' in the human sense of the word.
[0006] There is an increasing number of people with international mobility who spend significant time in more than one country. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) predicts that by 2011 the world's airlines will have about 2.75 billion passengers a year (an increase of 620 million since 2006). As a result of the number of internationally mobile people, it is expected that the number of people who rely on mobile phones and similar mobile communications devices will increase accordingly. s & Informa Telecoms Media statistics show a significant increase in international roaming, with Europeans roaming outbound is expected to increase from 131m to 520m (397%) by 2010. In addition, significant growth is taking place in communications from machine to machine where a SIM can be used for tracking shipment and tradable goods and materials.
[0007] Users are poorly served by current systems, which were developed before the increase in international travel and are designed to deal with customers who normally lived in a house and who very rarely traveled far from that house. Users of cellular radio services are familiar with the roaming surcharges charged for using a terminal device, typically a mobile phone, on a foreign network. In this sense, a foreign network simply means a network different from the home network the user originally subscribes to. Even the name "roaming surcharge" belies the original network design, which was exceptionally well behaved. However, roaming is now extremely common.
[0008] There are a few options available to users when traveling to a foreign country that help to reduce these surcharges:
[0009] One option for a user is to purchase a plurality of additional prepaid subscriber identification modules (SIMS), one for each territory the user visits. A SIM is a plastic card with built-in electronic circuitry that has a unique serial number and a unique international mobile user number (IMSI). SIM enables communication between the mobile device and available cellular networks. Therefore, by purchasing a plurality of different SIMs, one for each territory, the user is able to replace the original SIM with an appropriate SIM for the territory to be visited. In this way, the mobile device appears to be a subscriber in the foreign network, which means that the user can make and receive calls or use data services, without the occurrence of roaming surcharges.
[0010] This option has many disadvantages:
[0011] - the user must buy and take with him a plurality of different SIM cards;
[0012] - the user must ensure that there is sufficient credit in the accounts linked to each SIM card. - furthermore, it is not desirable to have unused credit on a number of different networks, as this credit can be wasted without being recovered;
[0013] - the act of maintaining a plurality of different SIM accounts is complex and time consuming, which involves considerable user interaction;
[0014] - when the subscriber changes the SIM their mobile number changes, it means that they are no longer within reach of their normally used number. Also, if they make an outgoing call, their calling line identifier (CLI) will be new and therefore unknown to the callee. This can result in the called party refusing to answer this call because they do not recognize the calling number.
[0015] - Law enforcement authorities are frustrated by their efforts to keep track of unwanted people, as they have to effectively keep track of multiple copies of the same person.
[0016] Another option to reduce roaming charges is to use a service, such as that described in Brunnekreef WO2006002951, where the user (or an application) on the cell phone can store a phone number (sometimes hidden) of an intermediary service that will accept the user's call, remove the saved information and call the desired destination number. The caller then automatically declines the call and waits for a call back. The intermediary service calls the user back to complete the connection, and this can give the user better call rates than normal roaming surcharges. This has the disadvantage of introducing a delay in the communication channel while the user is trying to get in touch with the other party. In addition, the user gets a very poor user experience due to phone device software compatibility issues issues: depending on the mobile phone model, the phone may appear to "do nothing" until it receives the call back, the Strange messages like 'call failed' or 'call blocked' may appear or the service may not work at all.
[0017] Multi-IMSI SIMs are available, which have the ability to be pre-programmed with a plurality of mobile subscriber data sets. The data is sometimes erroneously referred to as IMSIs, hence the name "multi-IMSI SIM", but it is actually data sets that comprise an International Mobile Subscriber Identification (IMSI) and other network-related data.
[0018] These SIMS have the processing power and an algorithm to present the correct set of data to the phone based on the location of that phone. This allows the phone to present itself as a "local" subscriber to the network in question. Problems associated with this algorithmic system include:
[0019] - when a SIM is pre-programmed with a fixed set of IMSIs, new SIMs need to be issued if additional IMSIs become available (also for exclusion). Therefore, the physical management of SIMs is very complex.
[0020] - SIMs contain a preference table that lists the networks for which a suitable IMSI is available. These preference lists can change over time and SIM will quickly become out of date with the reality of the network. This could result in roaming charges that are less favorable for the user.
[0021] - Although this option now provides a means to originate mobile calls at a local rate, each network is independent of the other and the subscriber effectively becomes a different person in each network. In order for the subscriber to remain in contact with people from his home network, the subscriber must either (i) forward calls from his home country telephone service to his current country telephone service, (ii) inform to potential people who can call him your new number, or (iii) frequently check voice mail and missed calls, in order to communicate with callers. Again, this is impractical and time consuming.
[0022] Many multi-IMSI and dual-format SIM systems have been sold by companies such as VeriSign(TM), Gemalto(TM) and these are described in various patent applications such as Cammileri (WO2007102003), Stadelmann (WO9955107), Salomon (WO0221872), Bongers (WO0049820). In such systems, a piece of software runs on the SIM or handset or a separate electronic module and makes decisions such as which IMSI to use given the location and available networks. Such systems are sometimes called SmartSIMs, but this is actually a misnomer since all SIMs are smart and contain a microprocessor and memory to run the network selection and authentication programs. In addition to the physical SIM management issues described above, there are a range of more subtle operational issues inherent in using a SIM algorithm and an IMSI table to effect a roaming solution:
[0023] - a problem is that the algorithm must be run in conjunction with the information obtained from the handset and, although, in theory, all handsets are in accordance with certain operating standards, in practice, the implementation of such algorithms is highly incompatible. Therefore, SIM algorithm systems often fail because they do not work correctly on common handset models. These flaws include:
[0024] random crashes;
[0025] the simple failure to perform the function; and
[0026] User messages that seem to make no sense.
[0027] Furthermore, the SIM algorithm often has a lack of information about the network in which it runs, and this can cause it to continuously search for an optimal network.
[0028] During this time, the handset cannot reliably make and receive calls, and the handset operates at full power, which can quickly drain the battery. If the algorithm stores an access number, this access number can hardly be changed from one call to another and thus, call routing will not be optimized. SIM does not have sufficient knowledge of network geography and current business status to choose the best network.
[0029] Such SIMs are essentially an autonomous system If the SIM connects to the wrong network due to either a network change or a SIM failure, it can be lost forever from the source network.
[0030] If the SIM connects to a network for which prepaid control control is not available, the SIM may be locked in a state where unlimited fees are allowed.
[0031] Switching from IMSI to a foreign network renders users the additional services of normal value inoperable since the source network is now hidden from the user. Services such as short codes, most dialed numbers, voice mail and other convenience services do not work as expected.
[0032] Other problems travelers experience when they travel close to country or region borders is that mobile phones can inadvertently attach themselves to a foreign network, even though they may be physically in a home territory. In normal operation, once the handset (ie, mobile phone) is connected to a network, it continues to be attached to it until the signal is lost or the subscriber manually disconnects. As a result, the user is charged with high roaming charges for an extended period, even if he is physically in the home territory. In some regions, such as Canada, the United States and India, where there is national roaming, this effect can lead to accidentally high tariffs, even when the customer is not traveling. Invention Summary
[0033] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is presented a method for managing the automatic granting of a subscriber network identifier of a central network server to a signed communication device, the method comprising receiving the notification in the central server which refers to a change in the current location for the subscribed device, determine from the notification whether a new subscriber network identifier should be granted or not from the central server, select a subscriber network identifier based on the current location, if the determining step determines that a new subscriber network identifier is to be granted, and outputting the selected subscriber network identifier for transmission to the subscriber device.
[0034] Conveniently, the subscriber's network identifier is an International Mobile Subscriber Identification (IMSI). Preferably, the IMSI is added to other data such as security keys and routing information and is stored as a data record in a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) within the signed communications device.
[0035] Advantageously, the present invention manages a multiplicity of IMSIs in a single SIM in use in a handset and can dynamically retrieve a local IMSI from the host part of the system if the appropriate one is not already in the handset. It also manages the telephone numbers associated with a particular subscriber allocated to multiple IMSIs, network connection preference tables, call routing, subscriber account and credit management. This invention concept should be referred to as 'IMSI Intermediate', which is typically incorporated into a typical MNO, MVNO or MVNE architecture.
[0036] The use of the present invention advantageously allows a mobile phone user, subscriber to the service or network providing the service, to roam from network to network and be automatically configured and connected to switch networks as a local user . This effectively eliminates roaming charges and therefore reduces the cost of mobile phone calls and data usage to much lower levels than was previously possible. It is possible to identify the network to roam using the Mobile Country Code (MCC) and the Mobile Network Code (MNC) (as defined by ITU-T Recommendation E.212)). Therefore, by performing a search in the HLR database it is possible to determine if a subscriber has already been allocated to an IMSI for use in the detected network.
[0037] Another advantage is that subscribers do not need to set up new accounts or compare prepaid from multiple network operators since the system is able to combine all billing relationships into a single account.
[0038] The present invention provides the ability for a single person or machine to be authorized to have multiple home networks, while maintaining a single customer record, billing relationship and unique link to their personal or machine identification.
[0039] Preferably, the receiving step comprises receiving a notification from an HLR scan, the HLR scan being arranged to detect a location update message received by a Local Subscriber Registry (HLR) for which the device is subscribed, the location update message corresponding to the current location change of the subscribing device.
[0040] Advantageously, the HLR always knows with which IMSI a client (subscribing user) is connected to the network and makes the mapping of the different numbers that the client is using to happen correctly. A customer can receive calls and text messages on each of his numbers wherever he is.
[0041] In one embodiment, the HLR is not associated with a specific physical network infrastructure for radio communication with subscriber devices. In this case, there is no concept of a home network and all physical radio networks have the same status in the hierarchy. The effect is that all client IMSIs can be treated equally and any IMSI can be selected as a primary IMSI or all IMSIs can be peers to each other. This contrasts with many existing design patterns, where an IMSI is the originating/primary IMSI and must always be retrieved from time to time for the purposes of updating settings, which resolves billing issues and determines customer ownership in a KYC solution. An important benefit of not having a single IMSI is the source/primary IMSI is that the system can be tuned in a multiple source mode, where any IMSI can be used for the above mentioned purposes. Alternatively, every IMSI can be paired and there is no main IMSI. In this case, when a device loses contact with its base, it will search for all IMSIs in order to reconnect the HLR.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the method facilitates a web server-based call processor by investigatively selecting a telephone number (MSISDN) from a set of telephone numbers assigned to the subscriber. The selection is based on the number that is most suitable for the called party, such that the called party can identify the subscriber. This advantage avoids the situation where a call is not answered because the called party does not know who is calling. These features of the invention facilitate the use of one or more numbers on a telephone on many GSM networks around the world in a cost-effective manner.
[0043] Optionally, the receiving step comprises receiving a communication message from the subscriber communication device that indicates a change in the current location.
[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the determining step comprises retrieving an IMSI list from the HLR to the subscriber device, the IMSI list comprising all IMSIs that are allocated to the subscriber device, and determining whether the IMSI list comprises an IMSI that is suitable for the current location of the subscriber device.
[0045] Typically, the selection step comprises obtaining a local IMSI from a search for IMSI which comprises a plurality of IMSIs for different locations, the local IMSI which is selected from a sub-search for IMSIs suitable for the location current. Selecting a local IMSI is advantageous as it allows the best possible IMSI to be provided to avoid roaming charges. In this sense, it is possible to provide a local, regional IMSI (with national roaming rights to avoid or minimize roaming charges for incoming calls).
[0046] In other embodiments, the step of determining whether an IMSI is suitable is based on previously determined preferences for the subscriber device. These may be based on location or cost considerations, but also other criteria, such as network compatibility with a specific handset, or network performance. Preferences can either be determined entirely within the IMSI table on the SIM, or alternatively preferences can be made on the network and the SIM can be instructed as to which IMSI to change.
[0047] This server instruction to change IMSIs is referred to as a "push". The benefit of using server-initiated IMSI switching is that much more information is known by the server regarding the current state of networks, costs and user location, which is known by the software running on the SIM. The ability to change IMSIs under software control must be done in conjunction with the understanding that the SIM needs to be able to reconnect to the HLR by performing an emergency reconnection process as mentioned above in conjunction with the multiple origins. To be clear, if a SIM is network instructed, boosted, on a different IMSI and after a period of time (about 5 minutes) is not able to connect, it should rescan all its IMSIs in order to connect again to the HLR.
[0048] When an IMSI has been chosen and has connected to the HLR and the HLR confirms that this is a reliable connection, either through active acknowledgment or simply no objection is made after a period of time, then the SIM must signal the device and other apps running on the SIM that has changed and other apps must behave accordingly. For example, by changing the SIM and a stability period of 3 minutes, the SIM could signal all companion apps on the SIM that an IMSI is now stable and other apps can report the information or log into the system.
[0049] Preferably, the issuing step comprises issuing the local MSI to an OTA module for transmission to the subscribed device.
[0050] In a preferred modality, the issuing step further comprises issuing a set of rules regarding the moment when the local IMSI must be used by the subscriber device.
[0051] Optionally, the step of issuing further comprises issuing a corresponding MSISDN for the selected IMSI. Another advantage is that the system can manage the allocation of phone numbers so that it is possible to maintain a single phone number for a subscriber, although using multiple IMSIs means that the subscriber is actually using multiple real phone numbers.
[0052] Preferably, the method further comprises updating the HLR when the local IMSI has been granted to the subscriber device.
[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises obtaining a calling line identification (CLI) from a database that contains a plurality of CLIs for the subscriber device; and produce a preferred CLI for use in performing the communication channel configuration.
[0054] When making calls or sending texts, the present invention advantageously ensures that the person called sees a local number (where available). This reduces callback barriers and increases traffic and average revenue per user (ARPU).
[0055] In addition, since people who travel the world and callers make phone calls to other people around the world, the appearance of local presence is desired in order to facilitate the company's marketing, as well as national rate callbacks from that location.
[0056] The use of these approaches allows for new customization possibilities for the customer. In the modalities, different complementary services (such as CLIP, CLIR and call forwarding) can be associated with different subscriber network identifiers. This helps a customer to develop different service profiles for different subscriber network identifiers.
[0057] In some cases, it is desirable to maintain customer identification by multiple subscription network identifiers in communication with third parties. This is particularly desirable for accessing data services, in which embodiments means are provided to allow access to data services in a consistent manner for some or all of the subscription network identifiers for the subscriber device. In other areas, such as satisfying know your customer requirements, it is desirable to provide evidence of a set of subscriber IDs to a third party.
[0058] According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a central network server for managing the automatic granting of a subscriber network identifier to a signed communication device, the server comprising a receiver arranged to receive the notification that refers to a change in the current location for the signed device, an identification checker arranged to determine from the notification whether a new subscriber network identifier should be granted or not from the server, an identification updater arranged to select an identifier of the subscriber's network based on the current location, if the determining step determines that a new subscriber's network identifier is to be granted, and a sending module arranged to issue the selected subscriber's network identifier for transmission to the subscriber device.
[0059] According to a third aspect of the invention, a method for connecting to a preferred network in a communication device is presented, the method comprising: providing notification to a central server, which refers to a change in the current location to the communication device; receiving a subscriber network identifier for a preferred network from the central server based on the current location, if the central server determines that the communication device is not connected to the preferred network; and disconnecting from a current network connection and reconnecting to the preferred network using the received subscriber's network identifier. Thus, the central server has so to speak "pushed" the SIM from one network to another.
[0060] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a communication device comprising: storage means for storing a list of subscriber network identifiers; processing the means to determine, where a new network connection is required, which subscriber network identifier to use to make a new network connection in accordance with selection rules stored in the storage means; and the means for accepting the update information over a network connection, wherein the communication device operates on the received update information to update the subscriber network identifier list and selection rules.
[0061] Preferably, the communication device is adapted, upon receipt of the update information, to break off an existing network connection and make a new network connection according to the updated selection rules.
[0062] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is presented a method for managing the automatic connection of a subscriber communication device to an available network, the method comprising determining a current location for the signed communication device, retrieving a list of available networks for that current location, select a preferred network from the list of available networks, and issue an instruction to the subscriber mobile device to connect to the preferred network.
[0063] In a preferred mode, the method further comprises monitoring the location updates for the subscriber communication device, determining whether the current network is the preferred network, based on the network selection rules.
[0064] Preferably, the method further comprises instructing the subscriber communication device to disconnect from the current network if it is determined that the network is not the preferred network, instructing the subscriber communication device to reconnect to the preferred network.
[0065] In one embodiment, the determining step may comprise determining the current location based on the physical location of the subscriber communication device as determined using the global positioning systems.
[0066] Optionally, the determining step comprises determining the current location based on one or more of the group comprising: Operator/Network Country ID; Cell ID (Cellular) GSM; WiFi hotspot ID; and other fixed radio network location identifiers.
[0067] In a preferred mode, the selection step comprises selecting a theoretical preferred network from the main list of networks known to be available in a particular location of the current location.
[0068] In another preferred mode, the selection step comprises selecting a preferred (available) network based on the networks that the subscriber communication device determines to be currently available.
[0069] Optionally, the method can be performed on the subscriber communication device, the method further comprising receiving an updated main updated list of networks from the central server.
[0070] The present invention extends to selecting a subscriber network identifier according to the first aspect based on the preferred network and the current location as determined according to the third aspect.
[0071] Advantageously, the present invention uses the various rules to connect, with the use of the most favorable IMSI, to the most favorable network in the area. In addition, the method recognizes when a subscriber is not connected to a preferred network and is able to instruct the subscriber communication device to automatically separate from the current network and/or connect to a more favorable known network available, or look for a connection to a more favorable known network.
[0072] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for automatically managing a subscriber network identifier (IMSI) that can be updated in a subscriber communication device is presented, the method comprising: determining when to connect to a current network whether or not the current subscriber's network identifier is local to the current network; replacing the updateable subscriber network identifier with a stored subscriber network identifier, if the stored subscriber network identifier is local to the current stream; and disconnect from the network; and subsequently reconnect using the updated subscriber network identifier which can be updated.
[0073] Preferably, the subscriber network identifier is an IMSI, and the stored subscriber network identifier is one of a plurality of IMSIs stored in a SIM in the signed communication device. The selection of an IMSI from the plurality of IMSIs stored on the SIM card can be governed by the IMSI selection rules, which are stored on the SIM card or the subscriber communication device. IMSI selection rules can be updated by receiving an update message from a central server, which is arranged to manage the granting of IMSIs to the subscriber communication device.
[0074] Optionally, the subscriber communication device may request a new IMSI to be stored on the SIM card, if the method determines that the SIM does not contain an IMSI that is local to the current network.
[0075] In a preferred embodiment, one or more of the plurality of IMSIs can be replaced if the number of IMSIs stored in the SIM reaches an upper limit.
[0076] Preferably, the method further comprises selecting a preferred network based on the current location. This can be achieved through a preferred network list, which is stored within the SIM or on the subscriber communication device. The list of preferred networks can be updated by receiving an update message from a central server, which is arranged to manage the automatic connection of the subscriber communication device to the preferred networks.
[0077] In general, the ability to automatically grant additional IMSIs that are local to a user's current location is highly advantageous as it means the user is able to take advantage of the lower call rates without having to transport and maintain a plurality of different SIMs for each territory (country, region or network). In some cases, mobile phones are prevented from using multiple SIMs, and so the present invention is compatible with these cases.
[0078] Furthermore, the amount of user interaction with the functionality of the present invention is much less than some of the prior art techniques. The methods described here can operate without the user being aware of them, and this is a much better solution.
[0079] Furthermore, as a result of linking multiple IMSIs to a user, it is possible for law enforcement agencies to track down certain individuals who may be linked to criminal activities. This link can also be useful to assist network operators in keeping records for the purposes of “Know Your Customer” legal requirements.
[0080] As described in detail later on, it is possible to update the IMSI selection rules and the network selection rules, which are stored in the mobile phone or SIM. Updating such information requires minimal data transfer, and as such it quickly uses minimal bandwidth. In particular, the ability to lease new IMSIs for mobile phones is bandwidth efficient as it may be possible to include all necessary data in a single SMS or a modified SMS. This solution is an improvement on all the prior art systems described above, which suffer from numerous problems as listed.
[0081] The ability to update SIMs/mobile phones over the air in the form of the present invention was not previously possible due to the amount of data that is involved. The present inventors have developed a method that minimizes data transfer in order to facilitate a service in which the mobile device can operate using a suitable IMSI and preferred network, in order to avoid or reduce roaming charges. Brief Description of Drawings
[0082] Figure 1 is an overview of the communications system in which the present invention is operating;
[0083] Figure 2 is a schematic system diagram showing the general architecture of the system overlaid with the trajectory (dotted lines) of an IMSI grant event;
[0084] Figure 3 is a process flow diagram showing the OTA granting process triggered by an IMSI intermediary that detects that a handset has entered a new country or network;
[0085] Figure 4 is a schematic system diagram showing the signaling trajectories that refer to a subscriber location update (LU) and the granting of a local ISMI;
[0086] Figure 5 is a functional block diagram of an IMSI intermediary of Figure 2 and a SIM;
[0087] Figure 6 is a signaling diagram showing the typical signaling generated when a subscriber enters a new coverage area for which a new IMSI is granted by an IMSI intermediary of Figure 5;
[0088] figure 7 is a signaling diagram showing an alternative to figure 6, where the SIM determines that a suitable local IMSI has already been stored in the SIM;
[0089] Figure 8 is a signaling diagram showing typical signaling for CLI replacement when a subscriber user is making a call;
[0090] Figure 9 is a signaling diagram similar to Figure 8 showing a credit manager and including signaling that refers to account and credit management functions;
[0091] Figure 10 is a simplified flow diagram for a CAMEL callback configuration arrangement;
[0092] Figure 1 is a simplified flow diagram for a USSD callback configuration arrangement;
[0093] Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of two neighboring countries and cell coverage across the borders of the two countries;
[0094] Figure 13 and Figure 14 are signaling diagrams that refer to signaling an incoming call;
[0095] Figure 15 is a world map illustrating a method of creating user preference rules for incoming call routing based on location, current time, and time zone;
[0096] Figure 16 illustrates the architectures that allow a telephone handset to use a common set of APNs in the embodiments of the invention;
[0097] and Figure 17 is a schematic illustration of the state diagram for a SIM card in the embodiments of the invention. Detailed Description of Preferred Modalities
[0098] Figure 1 (prior art) is a schematic representation of two cellular telecommunications networks, one in the UK and one in Italy. In reality, there are many more Mobile Network Operators (MNO), Mobile Virtual Network Enabler (MVNO) or Mobile Virtual Network Enabler (MVNE) Operators, and thus many more telecommunications networks. However, Figure 1 represents only two networks for simplicity.
[0099] When a first user makes a call from a first mobile phone 10 on the user's first home network, eg in the UK, to a second user 20 on a foreign network (ie Italy), the call is routed through the LAN base station subsystem (BSS) 30 to a LAN switching subsystem (NSS LAN) 32, then the call is routed through the network from Signaling System Number 7 (SS7) 34 to the foreign network and through a foreign network switching subsystem (foreign NSS) 36 to a foreign network base station subsystem 38. Finally, the call is routed to the second user's mobile phone 20. Calls in the opposite direction are routed in the same way, through the foreign network base station subsystem to the foreign network switching subsystem 36, through the SS7 34 to the local network (local-NSS) switching subsystem 32, in the home base station subsystem. local network (BSS) 30 and , finally, to the first mobile phone 10. The way the call is routed to the correct recipient is through a plurality of location records that form part of the network subsystems. For each user registered on a particular cellular telecommunications network, there is a record maintained in that Home Location Register (HLR) 40, 42. The HLR 40.42 is a central database that contains the details of each telephone subscriber which is authorized to use that particular network.
[0100] The HLR stores the details of each Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card issued by the mobile phone operator (ie MNO, MVNO or MVNE). A SIM is a plastic card with built-in electronic circuitry that is inserted into the mobile phone. Each SIM has a unique identifier called an International Mobile Subscriber Identification (IMSI) which is a primary key for each HLR record. As IMSIs are used in any mobile network that interconnects with other networks, including CDMA EVDO networks as well as GSM networks.
[0101] An IMSI is generally 15 digits long, but there are some exceptions. Typically, the first 3 digits are the Mobile Country Code (MCC), followed by the Mobile Network Code (MNC), (either the 2 digits (European standard) or the 3 digits (US standard)). The remaining digits contain a mobile station identification number (MSIN) within the network client base. SIMs also comprise one or more MSISDNs, which are the telephone numbers used by mobile phones to make and receive calls. Each MSISDN is also a primary key for HLR registration.
[0102] In short, there is a relationship between the HLR, the MSISDN, the IMSI, and the SIM. The SIM is the physical device that contains a record of an IMSI. MSISDN is the unique identification number of the mobile phone. The IMSI is the unique identification of the user who subscribes to the network, and the HLR is the system that maps MSISDNs to IMSIs and vice versa.
[0103] The above description applies when a user "moves" away from their home/home network to a foreign network, also called the roaming network. However, when a mobile phone tries to connect to a network other than the home/home network, the network that is roamed communicates with the home network in order to verify that the mobile phone is authorized to use the network. which is roaming. This communication is possible because there are reciprocal agreements between many of the available network operators.
[0104] When a user moves outside their home service and into an area served by another operator, messages are exchanged through the SS7 network, the operator of the roaming network obtains the HLR information from the home network and creates a temporary record for the subscriber in their Visitor Location Register (VLR) 44, 46. The VLR is a database that is maintained by a network operator (in the same way as the HLR is maintained). However, the VLR contains the temporary information about mobile users who are currently located within the service area (and connected to the network operator), but who are subscribed with an HLR from a different operator elsewhere. When calls are made from the mobile phone, the VLR checks for authorization and assumed authorization is allowed, the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) allows tracking of mobile phone usage for billing purposes. The HLR subscriber profile (ie which services are allowed) is transferred to the VLR when the subscriber user registers (connects to) the network (same for roaming and home network). All call data record (CDR) generation related to making calls and charging is done by MSC, LR HLRA is not involved.
[0105] So, using the example in Figure 1, a subscriber user of a mobile network operator in the UK visits Italy. When the user arrives in Italy and turns on the mobile phone, the mobile phone will try to connect to an available Italian network operator 36. The Italian network operator can identify from an IMSI number stored on the SIM card that the user does not subscribe the Italian network and as such will contact the user's home network 32 in the UK to verify that the user is authorized to use the Italian network.
[0106] The VLR 46 updates the HLR 40 in the UK with the location information over the SS7 with a location update message (LU). The LU message is forwarded to the HLR (UK) based on the IMSI global title translation that is contained in an LU Signaling Connection Control Part (CCPC) field. The HLR (UK) informs the VLR (TI) about the subscriber's status and whether the service should be provided on the network that is roaming, ie, the Italian network. If the user is authorized, the Italian network generates a temporary record for the user in the Italian VLR 46.
[0107] As described above, there are problems associated with roaming services in that users connected to a roaming network pay high surcharges when making or receiving calls or when using data services on their mobile phones. true, regardless of where the user is calling, or who is calling the user. In the example above, the user visiting Italy will pay roaming fees when calling local Italian phone numbers, as well as calling phones on the home network in the UK and elsewhere. Similarly, roaming charges will apply to calls received either from numbers in the UK, Italy, or other numbers.
[0108] Prior art methods to reduce these roaming charges are complicated as they require the user to purchase, transport and maintain accounts from many different SIM cards, or require a high degree of user interaction to utilize one services to avoid such roaming charges. However, as described above, there are many problems with these services.
[0109] One aspect of the present invention is the integration of an additional central server within a typical mobile telecommunication network. The additional central server is able to provide, as needed, a plurality of additional IMSIs for a mobile phone, when the mobile phone is connected to a network that roams into another country/region. The additional central server is called an IMSI broker.
[0110] In an embodiment of the invention, an IMSI intermediary is arranged to determine whether the SIM card in the mobile phone has an IMSI suitable for the network being roamed. The SIM cards required for this embodiment of the invention are capable of storing a plurality of alternative IMSIs for different networks, along with the associated rules in question when the alternative IMSIs are to be used. In this modality, an IMSI intermediary has access to a database storage of alternative (new) IMSIs for multiple foreign networks (FNOs) and is willing to distribute these new IMSIs as needed to users who have subscribed to a network comprising an intermediary. IMSI e, which roam across networks.
[0111] In one modality, each SIM has the ability to store a plurality of IMSIs that can be used in a specific territory (country or region) to achieve the best possible call rates. SIM also has a set of rules to trigger the selection of the best possible IMSI. Each time a user enters a different territory (mostly a new country, but could also be a new region within a country), an IMSI intermediary will issue the best IMSI and best possible IMSI selection rules for that territory. The IMSI intermediary will send this new IMSI to the SIM by Over-the-air (OTA). This solution eliminates the need to switch SIMs when new wholesale network deals become available. Subscribers are awarded with an additional IMSI whenever and wherever it is available.
[0112] Updates and data management on the SIM can be accomplished through the air interface using any available OTA radio connection. Some examples include, but are not limited to, cellular signaling channels, cellular data connections, text messaging, WiFi, Bluetooth & WiMAX. The person skilled in the art will note that 'OTA' should include all possible connections to the cell phone and any other method of transferring data to the phone device, such as wired connection to a PC, infrared and so on.
[0113] In one embodiment, the SIM may, at the time of manufacture, be programmed to include a plurality of IMSIs corresponding to popular destinations. in another modality, the SIM can be programmed with a plurality of IMSIs on registration with the network, according to the user's selection of countries or territories they hope to travel to in the future. In another modality, the SIM can comprise only one IMSI after manufacturing and registration, so all new/alternative IMSIs are delivered from an IMSI intermediary as and when the user visits the new countries/territories.
[0114] SIMs are constantly evolving, and currently known SIMs may be capable of storing up to 256 different IMSIs in SIM memory. This number will likely increase further. However, regardless of the number of IMSIs the SIM is able to maintain, other memory constraints may mean that an upper limit is placed on the number of IMSIs to be stored within the SIM. In cases where an upper limit is reached, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the SIM is capable of dynamically replacing a stored IMSI with a newly obtained IMSI. The decision as to which IMSI is replaced can be based on a number of factors, for example any unused IMSI can be replaced first. Likewise, IMSIs that have been used the least, or have been used less frequently can be replaced before more popular/recently used IMSIs.
[0115] The ISMI broker maintains a database of the status of IMSIs distributed to subscribers as they roam and use different networks. In addition, an IMSI intermediary is arranged to update the HLR with details of a current ISMI for each user. This is necessary for other parties to contact a user who is using a current IMSI that differs from their original IMSI.
[0116] It is an advantage of this modality of the present invention that all IMSIs and MSISDNs granted to subscribing users can be registered and assigned to the user. This is advantageous for many reasons in that law enforcement agencies may be able to tie a user's calling activity to a subscriber user account.
[0117] In addition, the facility to merge user accounts from different countries/regions to a subscribing user is useful for the legal requirements of "Know Your Customer" (KYC).
[0118] In certain countries, there are specific legal requirements that refer to the way that users can be provided with telephone numbers and according to a modality of the present invention, it is possible to send additional information to the user (through any communication channel appropriate) in relation to which steps the user needs to complete in order to be able to complete these legal requirements.
[0119] In one embodiment, the present invention is arranged to grant the hidden telephone number (MSISDN) that is used for the purpose of call routing to the user. The user is never aware of this number and cannot give it to third parties or use it for CLI purposes.
[0120] In another embodiment, the present invention is arranged to notify the user of the granted telephone number (MSISDN) so that it can be passed on to third parties for CLI purposes. As above, certain countries (eg India) may require additional steps before new phone numbers are granted to subscriber users in their country. In one embodiment, the present invention notifies by the user's e-mail (e.g., by short message service (SMS), also known as text messages), or any other suitable communication method, which measures have to be performed before of the phone number can be released to them.
[0121] It should be noted that in some cases, the home network may be 'known' to the subscribing user for a considerable time before being granted with new IMSIs and new MSISDNs in foreign countries, and as such the system of a modality of present invention, can meet the CSC requirements for certain countries without requiring the additional legal requirements discussed above.
[0122] Figure 2 shows an overview of the components within a network with an integrated IMSI intermediary 108. In this sense, the network need not be limited to the physical network that is operated by a single network operator. In other words, the term network can be thought of as a means of collecting coexisting networks.
[0123] Network communications with the plurality of mobile phones 101 subscribers through the base station subsystem, which comprises a base transceiver station (BTS), a base station controller (BSC), and a Mobile Switching Center ( MSC).
[0124] The base station subsystem communicates with the HLR 111, which in turn communicates with an IMSI 108 intermediary and an Intelligent Network (IN)/Backoffice services system module (BSS) 113. The IN/ BSS module has access to a 112dB user which comprises a register for each subscriber user on the network. The IN/BSS module 113 is also responsible for monitoring user usage, ie voice calls, SMSs, data usage, etc. so that a record is kept for billing purposes. In one embodiment, the IN 113 module is also responsible for ensuring that caller ID information, also known as calling line identification (CLI), is stored and provided during calls during roaming, to ensure that there is transparency for the called parties.
[0125] The IMSI intermediary 108 has access to a search of IMSI 109, which is a database comprising a plurality of IMSIs available for different territories/locations. IMSIs by their nature are specific territories. They are country specific, and they can also be region specific in countries (ie United States, India) where there may be surcharges for regional roaming as well as international roaming. An IMSI that is registered to an HLR in one realm will be considered as roaming if connected to a network/HLR in a different realm. Therefore, for each territory in the IMSI 109 search there is a sub-search or range of suitable IMSIs that can be used. This is described in more detail later.
[0126] The network also comprises an OTA module that is arranged to send update messages to mobile phones as needed. See arrows 107, 104, and 1110 in figure 2. Update messages can include alternate IMSIs/or update rule messages. This update mechanism is not limited to granting alternate IMSIs or associated rules, it can also be used to provide other updates to the SIM card (such as new versions of installed software) and also for configuration verification. The HLR is additionally arranged to communicate with a plurality of foreign networks (operated by foreign network operators FNOs 106). The communication channel between the HLR and foreign networks is through the SS7 105 network.
[0127] In the arrangement shown in Figure 2, the home network is shown as comprising a physical network infrastructure, which includes MSCS, BSCs and BTS, adapted to provide a radio signal to a user's mobile phone. In the embodiments of the invention, these elements of a physical network infrastructure need not be present. In such a case, the home network can treat each network to which the user's mobile phone is connected as FNO. As discussed below, it can be useful to allow user preferences and behaviors to be supported without them being determined by the requirements or characteristics of a particular physical network.
[0128] Figure 3 is a flow diagram that shows the steps that are performed when a mobile phone tries to connect to a foreign network. As shown, when a mobile subscriber roams, in step 200 into an area served by another operator, messages are exchanged through the international network SS7. The operator who will be roaming obtains the HLR information from the home network and creates a temporary record for the subscriber in their VLR. The VLR then updates the HLR with the location information over the SS7 with a Location Update Message (LU). The LU is forwarded to the HLR based on the world title translation of an IMSI that is contained in the Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) field of the LU. The HLR informs the VLR of the subscriber's status and whether the service should be provided on the roaming network.
[0129] The IMSI 108 broker is able to monitor the HLR 150 log files to determine, in step 202, whether or not the client has entered a new country. If the customer has entered a new country, the IMSI 108 intermediary according to a modality checks the records for that subscribing user (ie the user records that refer to the SIM) to verify that the SIM already has an IMSI which is suitable for that country.
[0130] The IMSI Intermediary 108 verifies that a system subscriber has an appropriate IMSI when registering on a GSM network for that particular country. If not, the IMSI broker will update the subscriber's SIM by triggering, in step 204, the sending of OTA updates with the appropriate IMSI as well as the rules in the SIM that are used by the multiple IMSI application in the SIM CPU to select the correct IMSI in a given country. The IMSI broker registers that a new IMSI has been provided, and updates, in step 206, the user records in the HLR.
[0131] Figure 4 is a functional diagram of the components within the network that show how an IMSI intermediary integrates the network. Figure 4 shows the communication paths between a mobile phone's SIM and the network, which includes an HLR, the IMSI intermediary, and the OTA module.
[0132] The signaling trajectories generated by a subscriber location (LU) update are shown by the curved arrows in figure 4.
[0133] A schematic block diagram of the functional components within an IMSI 108 intermediary is shown in figure 5. As shown, an IMSI 108 intermediary comprises an IMSI 500 updater, and an IMSI 510 verifier, and a manager. 520 rules.
[0134] Figure 5 also comprises a schematic block diagram of the functional components within the SIM 530. As shown, the SIM comprises a current IMSI 540, a current MSISDN 542, a SIM application (SIMAPP) 544 to perform the functional steps in SIM, and a database of 546 available IMSIs, associated rules, and MSISDNs.
[0135] The mobile phone contains the SIM 530 which communicates with the visited network by the radio network shown in figure 4. The visited network (MSC) determines from that communication, the current IMSI 540, that the mobile phone is using, and this points to the HLR (of the home network) for the current IMSI 540. In one modality, the mapping and global title routing (GT) rules of the HLR are defined in each IR of the operator 21.The visited network (MSCA LR) then communicates with that HLR over the SS7. This is shown by arrow 320 in figure 4.
[0136] As shown in Figure 5, an HLR 550 scan communicates with the HLR 111 and an IMSI 108 broker. The 550 HLR scan is arranged to scan the HLR 150 log files continuously. . The IMSI broker 108 receives messages that contain an active IMSI (the current IMSI 540) and a global title (GTVLR) for each location update that is registered in the HLR. For a given subscriber, an IMSI 510 verifier checks, using a set of rules (the IMSI 560 selection rules), whether the active IMSI is suitable for the destination country. If not, an IMSI 500 updater retrieves a suitable local IMSI from an IMSI 109 search, along with the operational IMSI selection rules, which are run on the mobile phone's SIM card to ensure future selection of the most suitable IMSI . The term local, in this sense, means relative to or local to the user's current location, such that a mobile phone using a local IMSI will appear to the HLR of the visited network as being a subscriber to that network, or being a subscriber to a network in the same territory. As discussed above, it is desirable to appear to be a local-mode subscriber device in order to avoid roaming surcharges. In this sense, location can be in relation to a particular country or region. In some countries (ie the United States and India), users may be charged for regional roaming. The person skilled in the art will note that when referring to a better IMSI for the user's current location, the best IMSI may be suitable for the country, region or network the user is connected to. It is also possible to select the best IMSI in relation to a preferred network that the user is instructed to connect to.
[0137] In addition, roaming charges may apply to calls received in certain countries/regions, and such charges may be minimized and even avoided by granting local (regional) IMSIs with national roaming privileges.
[0138] The local IMSI and operational selection rules for IMSIs are passed to the OTA module 103 (arrow 330 in figure 4) and then to an SMS center (SMSC) 104 (arrow 340 in figure 4), which is arranged to send the local IMSI and operational selection rules of IMSIs to the SIM by SMS message (arrow 350 in figure 4). The DE IMSI 500 updater also records that this IMSI was sent to the user in the HLR record for the user (the 360 arrow in Figure 4).
[0139] In one embodiment, an IMSI 510 verifier is able to determine from the data record for the user, whether the SIM already contains a suitable IMSI for the destination country. If the SIM already has a suitable IMSI then IMSI broker 108 will not provide a new IMSI. In one modality, an IMSI intermediary will register that the SIM has a suitable IMSI, and will wait for an additional LU message when the SIM connects to the visited network using the proper (stored) IMSI. In one modality, an IMSI intermediary can run a verification routine after an expired time to verify that the SIM has correctly changed the appropriate IMSI. Then the IMSI broker can send the instruction to force the SIM to change the IMSI if necessary.
[0140] The SIM 530 can select a suitable local IMSI from the stored database of IMSIs 546, based on the rules within the SIM. Alternatively, the SIM card can receive a new IMSI from an IMSI 108 intermediary. Regardless of where the proper/new IMSI derives, the SIM is arranged, through an application on the SIM (SimApp) 544, to present the new IMSI on the phone. The phone sends the new IMSI to the visited network, so the phone appears to be a home subscriber in the visited network.
[0141] In addition, according to a modality, Local Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Numbers (MSISDNs) are also allocated by an IMSI intermediary, configured and activated so that callers can dial the original allocated number user's (that is, the user's phone number on their home network), even if the subscriber is now registered on a different network with a different MSISDN.
[0142] This functionality can be illustrated with the help of figure 1. The user has a UK registered mobile phone. The user has a source IMSI and a source MSISDN. Without the present invention, when the user visits Italy, roaming fees are charged for making and receiving calls, for sending SMS messages and for using data services. With the present invention, the user has access to a local IMSI so that when user 1 uses his cell phone, it appears that he is a registered user in Italy, and as such does not pay roaming charges. Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the user also has access to a local MSISDN (ie an Italian telephone number) such that when people contact the user from within Italy , domestic calling rates are charged instead of international calling rates. This local MSISDN can be hidden from the users' point of view, but call forwarding is done as if the user's telephone number (MSISN) were a local number (local MSISDN).
[0143] In a modality example, an IMSI intermediary typically can have the following interfaces (as shown in Figure 5):
[0144] 1. An interface to the HLR Log Scan where it receives IMSI and GTVLR messages for each LU of a system subscriber.
[0145] 2. An interface to the HLR system orders:
[0146] a. Retrieve a subscribing user's IMSI list
[0147] b. Granting a new IMSI to a subscribing user
[0148] These commands can be any query protocol. In one embodiment, this could be achieved using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
[0149] 3. An I/F output interface to OTA services through which the elementary files (EFS) in the SIM are updated with an IMSI and other relevant EF data.
[0150] Figure 6 is a signaling diagram showing the typical signaling generated when a subscriber enters a new coverage area, for which a new local IMSI is required. A description of the signals shown in Figure 6, identified from 1 to 10, is provided below.
[0151] 1. Handset (mobile terminal-MT) 600 arrives in the new coverage area (ie when a user leaves the plane in the new country). The location update request (LU) 602 is sent from the MT 600 to the visited mobile station controller (MSC) 604. The LU contains the details of the MT's home network and the MSC determines that the MT does not subscribe to the network of MSC 604. As a result, the request for LU 602 is forwarded to the Location Visited Register (VLR) 46. The person skilled in the art will note that this is a standard network operation for a Telephone device roaming.
[0152] 2. The LU is then forwarded to the Domestic Public Source Mobile Network (HPLMN)/Local Subscriber Registry (HLR) 111 of the MT home network. The HPLMN is the home network to which the user subscribes. The HPMLN comprises an HLR that contains the subscribing user's signature data. The HPLMN can also contain multiple service nodes, such as a short message service center (SMSC), and a service control point (SCP).
[0153] This LU 602 includes an authorization request to verify that the user has privileges to use the foreign network. Again, this is a standard network operation for handset roaming.
[0154] 3.
[0155] a. The LU is identified (selected) by an IMSI broker 108. The IMSI broker is arranged to identify whether the MT has the appropriate IMSI(s) for the preferred network(s) visited ) in the new coverage area/location.
[0156] b. The HPLMN/HLR 111 also sends a location update acceptance message (LUA) 604 back to the visited network VLR. The LUA message contains an indication from the visited network that a roaming agreement has occurred and authorizes the MT to connect to the visited network to be able to make calls and data connections despite roaming charges. Again, this is a standard network operation for handset roaming.
[0157] 4. The visited network registers the MT by sending the LUA to the MT. MT is now connected to roaming fees for the visited network. This is also a standard network operation for handset roaming.
[0158] 5. The IMSI 108 intermediary determines in step 3a that the MT does not have the appropriate IMSI(s) for the preferred visitor(s) in the new coverage area/ location, an IMSI intermediary retrieves a suitable IMSI 606 from an IMSI fetch and passes the new IMSI data record(s) to the OTA module 103 to be transmitted to the MT .
[0159] 6. The OTA service transmits the retrieved IMSI data record(s) to the MT over the visited network. This step uses a suitable standard signaling method, such as standards that include but are not limited to SMS, USSD, IP.
[0160] 7.
[0161] a. a SIM (SI MAPP) 544 application on the SIM 530 detects new IMSI data record(s), adds the new IMSI(s) to the SIM database.
[0162] b. SIMAPP disconnects the MT from the network and scans available networks.
[0163] c. SIMAPP detects the corresponding IMSI for the preferred visited network and sets the appropriate IMSI as the current one (which may not be the same as the original visited network)
[0164] 8. The MT sends the LU to the MSC of the preferred network which is identified as a home IMSI (default network operation)
[0165] 9. MT's preferred network registers with the LUA
[0166] 10. MT now registered as local user.
[0167] Figure 6 details the signaling when an IMSI intermediary provides a new local IMSI. However, in one embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, an application (SIMAPP) on the SIM on the mobile device is able to check whether the SIM has already accessed an IMSI that is local to the mobile phone's current location.
[0168] SIMAPP performs a network scan to ensure the mobile phone's current location. Typically, this happens with it turned on, that is, after traveling and arriving at an airport in another country. But this can happen at other times, for example, when traveling across borders a cell phone may lose its home network signal and try to find another network. When a new network is identified, SimApp checks if there is a local MSI for that territory (that is, for the network region, or country). SimApp passes the identified local IMSI to the mobile phone that communicates with the visited network to perform a location update.
[0169] The location update is very similar to that described in relation to Figure 6. However, in this case, an IMSI appears to be local to the visited network, and so the location update is passed to MSC & and its HLR instead of as shown in figure 6 where it passes to the MSC and its VLR. The local IMSI does not include a pointer to the subscriber user's home network HLR. The Home Network Smart Network contains subscriber user information for CLI and billing purposes. However, in this case, the charges are not roaming charges, as an IMSI is registered with MSCs HLR and not VLR.
[0170] The IMSI intermediary is notified of the location update so that the home HLR is aware that the mobile phone is using the proper local IMSI as expected. In one embodiment, an IMSI intermediary performs a check each time it receives a location update notification to ensure whether a new local IMSI needs to be sent or not. And in this case, an IMSI intermediary can say that an IMSI used for mobile phone location update is a local IMSI, such that there is no need for another IMSI to be sent.
[0171] As in the case of figure 6, at the end of the signaling of figure 7, the mobile phone is registered as a local user with the visited network.
[0172] Figure 8 is a signaling diagram showing typical signaling for CLI replacement when a subscriber user is making a call. Figure 8 comprises steps 1 to 10, as described below:
[0173] 1. The IMSI contains the pointer authorization information such that when the LU occurs in the preferred visited network, the LU is forwarded to the home HPLMN/HLR.
[0174] 2. Domestic HPLMN/HLR grants LUA, LUA is forwarded to MT and MT is now fully authorized.
[0175] 3. User selects number to call and initiates call on MT; the call setup message is sent to the MSC & HLR of the visited network.
[0176] 4. The visited network identifies the IMSI requiring the trigger of the initial detection point (IDP) to be sent to the home HPLMN/HLR; the IDP trigger sent to the domestic HLR/(HPLMN).
[0177] 5. Domestic HLR/(HPLMN) receives IDP trigger.
[0178] 6. The IN sends the message to the visited HLR (VPLMN) to indicate the INVITE symbolization to be sent to the home MSC.
[0179] 7. The INVITATION is sent to the domestic MSC; and includes the destination number.
[0180] 8. The in-house MSC retrieves the call and CLI details from the IN platform using the rules for the destination number.
[0181] 9. The INVITATION is sent to the destination network (shown here as PSTN, but not limited to that)
[0182] 10. The call proceeds from the MT to the destination using the CLI.
[0183] In one embodiment, the IN may comprise a CLI Selection Controller that replaces the CLI with one of the user countries of the subscribing user profile, if it exists.
[0184] In one mode, the CLI Selection Controller is willing to choose a CLI by:
[0185] 1. receiving a mobile phone call originating from the subscribing user;
[0186] 2. the determination of a set of directory numbers (DNs) available for use by the subscribing user;
[0187] 3. the callback cost evaluation for each of the DNs in step 2;
[0188] 4. the assignment of the DN with the lowest callback cost to the call CLI; and
[0189] 5. continuation of the call using the assigned CLI.
[0190] In one mode, the CLI selection controller can choose a "Travel CLI" from a search of telephone numbers that are assigned to the subscribing user for a short period, eg 7 days.
[0191] In another mode, the CLI selection controller can choose a CLI based on a rule indicated in the phonebook of the callers, for example, Home or Business.
[0192] The person skilled in the art will note that the caller ID can comprise: the numeric data, the alphanumeric data. Additionally, the caller ID can be provided as FSK data, or from an ISDN connection.
[0193] In one modality, a new CLI is offered to a user when they enter a supported country through a text message, and this offer is made through a data or control channel.
[0194] In addition to selecting the most suitable CLI for outgoing calls, it is necessary to ensure the correct routing of calls to subscriber users who have a plurality of DNs (MSISDNs). This functionality is ensured as a result of how numbers are assigned. Since numbers are assigned by a particular network operator (MNO, MVNO, or MVNE), the numbers are considered to "belong" to those networks. In one example, calls to subscriber user numbers are routed to the switch of the network operator that granted the number. In another example, calls are routed to a third party, that third party's Smart Grid sends a trigger to the network operator so that the network operator can make a decision as to how the call is routed.
[0195] When the call information arrives for the network operator (host), which operates according to a modality of the present invention, the Intelligent Network is able to retrieve the recipient details, and is able to select the call route most suitable in order to complete the call.
[0196] Additional details regarding incoming calls are found below in relation to figures 12 to 14. However, it should be noted that the above ILC logic also applies to SMS, not just calls.
[0197] According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible for the Smart Grid and the Backoffice service system to integrate usage records (customer data records - CDRs) for a user who uses/used a plurality of networks. This information can be presented to the user in the form of a single bill or statement that is simple to understand, as if the subscriber were using a single network.
[0198] This is possible because when the mobile phone is connected to the visited network using a local IMSI, an IMSI contains a pointer to the user's home HLR, and as a result, when the user makes or receives calls on those networks visited, the IN of that network is able to track usage for collection and credit management purposes.
[0199] One embodiment of the present invention ensures the dynamic allocation of call credit across a plurality of accounts (i.e., accounts for each IMSI) with a plurality of operators, such that one subscriber is only needed to administer one single credit entity.
[0200] In one modality, the account associated with an IMSI is configured as a prepaid account. This ensures that more complicated debit or postpaid accounts are not needed.
[0201] This is an improvement over the option where the user purchases multiple SIMs and pre-charges them with credit for calling in different countries or networks, which means the user can end up with multiple prepaid phone bills with operators with unused credit.
[0202] In one modality, the smart grid system ensures that enough credit is dynamically allocated from the user's account/search to make a particular call. In addition, the smart grid system guarantees can ensure that unused credit is recovered for allocation to the next active account.
[0203] A person skilled in the art will note that the allocation of credit to accounts and the subsequent recovery of unused funds is centrally possible through the smart grid system. The only requirement in relation to the present invention is that credit be applied to IMSI accounts for users who have credit available on their account. In some cases, this credit may be the prepaid credit, while in other cases, the user may subsequently be charged for the services used. In either case, the user must have credit available for the call to be placed.
[0204] The above functionality is evidenced in figure 9, which is very similar to figure 8, but which now includes signaling between the home network MSC, the Smart Network and a credit manager. As before, the Home Network MSC retrieves the call and CLI details from the IN platform using the destination number rules. Now, in step 9 in figure 9, the IN platform asks for a credit check for the user with the credit manager. The user passes the credit check, and a CREDIT OK signal is sent to the MSC so that the call can be connected. As the call continues, the IN platform requests extra credit to the IMSI account so that the credit (assuming the user has available credit) does not expire while the call is pending. As shown in Figure 9, credit operations get calls can occur every 10 seconds are like this. In this way, the call is routed using a local IMSI to obtain favorable rates, but the home network IN can continue to add small amounts of credit to the account associated with the local IMSI. By adding small amounts of credit as needed, it is possible to avoid unnecessary credit on an IMSI account, which can be wasted or used infrequently. As described above, it is also possible for the credit manager to remove unused credit from an IMSI account if necessary, at the end of a call.
[0205] The ability to reconcile customer billing information for all separate IMSIs that are used by a particular user is important not only for the user's convenience (an invoice from a supplier who has been responsible for all IMSI concessions), but also to meet the client's legal requirements. The ability to reconcile these separate identities on a unique home network with the user's extended knowledge can facilitate meeting the Know Your Customer requirements (and, for example, to allow proof that these requirements are being met in a country to contribute to customer acceptance on another). There are some situations where the presence of multiple available IMSIs can cause complexity, one is in contactless payment (using local communication technologies such as RFID to trigger payments), the use cases are discussed in ETSI TS 102 412), where the payment will need to be linked to a clearly identified customer. In such a case, it may be desirable to uniquely identify the mobile phone by the ICCID associated with the physical SIM card.
[0206] In a detailed example mode, an IMSI broker data store can be configured as follows:
[0207] 1. DS_GT_IMSI_Mapping. DS_IMSI_Search.
[0208] 2. DS_EF_IMSI_Rules. This DS stores the exact image of the entire contents of the EF file to be transferred to the SIM card via OTA.
[0209] 3. DS_IMSI_Intermediary_Event_Log. This DS logs all events from the IMSI broker. The record contains for each entry at least the following information:
[0210] a. Date/Time
[0211] b. Result Code
[0212] c. GTVLR
[0213] d. Original IMSI
[0214] e. New IMSI

[0215] In a typical modality, the IMSI broker can perform the following process steps when a new LU message is received from the HLR Log scan. ON new LU message containing IMSI and GTVLR received from HLR Log Scan BEGIN LOOK UP GT_Prefix in DS_GT_IMSI_Mapping, using GTVLR, return to IMSI_track. IF the first 5 or 6 digits of an IMSI do not match the IMSI_range BEGIN GET new IMSI (IMSI_Nova) from the DS_IMSI_Busca that match the IMSI_range (increment last_IMSI_used) RETRIEVE IMSI_list of HLR (using LDAP) PROVISION nova_IMSI in HLR using of LDAP) SEND OTA to add nova_IMSI to SIM in EFJMSIJJst SEND OTA to replace EF_IMSI_rules by DS_EF_IMSI_rules END END
[0216] In a typical modality, an IMSI intermediary will be able to perform many parallel requests and should preferably be able to process hundreds of requests per second.
[0217] If there are situations where the range of IMSIs for a given operator is limited, an IMSI intermediary may preferably be able to return inactive IMSIs back to fetch for re-grant to another subscriber at a later time. This could be achieved by sending additional messages by the OTA to deactivate and/or delete an EF record about a target and/or by indicating that an IMSI previously granted to a subscriber and the HLR system is now inactive or purged from the HLR . Call Routing
[0218] Optimized call routing connections can be made via any available routes as needed and appropriate for cost savings and service availability. Calls can be routed through any combination of communication networks: cellular, landline (PSTN), WiFi and IP.
[0219] For example, a low cost "standard" call from the UK to the US, mobile, can be routed as follows:
[0220] conventional cellular connection >UK No.>UK service port>IP>US service port>United States No.>conventional cellular connection
[0221] This uses IP for the long haul from UK to US so the total call cost is 2 local connections.
[0222] In another example, a "Close up" call from the UK to Australia with two handsets capable of VoIP over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) can be routed as follows:
[0223] VoWiFi>UK ISP>IP routing service>IP>Australian ISP>VoWiFi
[0224] In yet another example, a low-cost call from India to the UK, mobile, can be routed as follows:
[0225] Mobile India>India No.>India service port>IP>UK service port>UK landline.
[0226] A person skilled in the art will note that many combinations are possible. For example, Figures 10 and 11 include the signaling details for optimized call routing using CAMEL and USSD callback techniques.
[0227] A person skilled in the art will note that from the various optimized call routing techniques that are known, the present invention is able to operate using these optimized call routing options, in addition to providing the appropriate IMSIs and select preferred networks as discussed below. The person skilled in the art will note that the method shown in Figure 10a is an improvement over the system described in WOLFMAN (EP1850625).
[0228] The use of this architecture can allow user preferences to be performed more effectively, by allowing the home network IN to be used to provide user preferences and to interpret information from the user. For example, the user does not need to customize their mobile phone contact directory to be independently international (by including the number in a format like +14025551212). IN will have access to the User's information, and will normally be aware that the User's home location will be (say) the UK and therefore the numbers should be interpreted as UK numbers with the UK prefix. Kingdom to be added to dials of these numbers from outside the UK. When using, for example, a CAMEL callback mechanism, as shown in Figure 10, the dialing of a number by the user without a country prefix can be interpreted by the IN of the home network as a call to a UK number and the prefix provided accordingly. This could, of course, apply to any home network location, not the UK specifically. Preferred Network Management
[0229] Networks and telephone devices work together to ensure continuity of connection to a network service. However, this may not be the most favorable strategy for this system and for the user. As described above, a user's mobile phone when traveling near country or regional borders may inadvertently connect to a foreign network, even though the phone may not be physically located in a home territory. This network switch can occur if the user's home network signal drops, which means the mobile phone will try to connect to another network with a stronger signal. Also, at startup, mobile phones perform a scan for available networks, and depending on a set of rules governing network selection, the mobile phone may select the available network with the strongest signal, which may not be the network anymore. favorable in terms of calling rates.
[0230] This problem is illustrated in Figure 12, which shows two countries 800, 802 (although this could be two regions within a country) that share an 804 border. The first cell tower 806 (base station) provides approximate coverage by a first circle area of 808 for a home network, and a second sales tower 810 provides approximate coverage by a second circle area of 812 for a first foreign network. A user subscribing to the home network at location X may inadvertently be connected to the external network, even if the user has not left their home territory. In normal operation, once the cell phone is connected to a network, it continues to be attached to it until the signal is lost or if the subscriber disconnects manually. As a result, the user can be charged high roaming fees for an extended period, even if they are physically in the respective territory. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the mobile phone is able to determine from the current location a preferred network, rather than maintaining a 'status quo' connection or simply connecting to the network with the strongest signal. The mobile phone can determine the preferred network by receiving an OTA message from the user's home network. Alternatively, the mobile phone or SIM within the mobile phone can be programmed to select a preferred network from the available networks based on network selection rules within the mobile phone/SIM.
[0231] This aspect of the invention can be coupled to the IMSI intermediary system, such that the mobile phone can be arranged to connect, with the use of a suitable IMSI, to the most favorable network in a given area.
[0232] In one embodiment, the system (ie, the user's home network or mobile phone/SIM) is arranged to recognize when a user is in a location where a more favorable connection is available. This is achieved by monitoring network logs and location updates. The system is able to signal over the air from the host to the mobile phone that it should disconnect from the current connection and perform a search for a more favorable network. Location and Usage Management
[0233] As described above, the system is configured to be able to identify the current location of the subscriber's handset. This current location can be used to perform status updates, SIM data updates and other system functions to optimize connection and call routing. In one embodiment, this is done by the host system in response to current location information arriving from the mobile phone. In another embodiment, the mobile phone may itself determine from the location information stored in the mobile phone/SIM a preferred network, based on network selection rules stored within the mobile phone/SIM.
[0234] Location information can be derived from a plurality of sources. Some examples are Network/Operator Country ID, GSM Cellular ID (Mobile), WiFi Access Point ID, or other fixed radio network location identifiers (CDMA, EVDO, WiMAX, for example), GPS and equivalents . The current location can be cross-referenced with database tables that contain network coverage for various locations. In one modality, location information can be related to important places, for example, airports. In another modality, location information is only dependent on knowledge of the physical location/map. This is because network preferences can be determined in theoretical preferences known to the host, even when a subscribing user is not choosing a network.
[0235] The network preference table can be stored on mobile phone/SIMs and can be modified by the host network as needed using the OTA service.
[0236] The ability to determine network preference based on location can be particularly useful in situations where a user has entered a new potential service coverage area, but let's say only WiFi is currently available. In that case, it would be possible to implement a new ready-to-use IMSI even before network coverage is reached. New Connection/Forced Scan
[0237] As described above, the system is able to instruct the handset with the use of OTA signals under the control of the host system to disconnect from its current connection to a network and to rescan for a connection excellent.
[0238] This functionality is further illustrated in Figure 12. A user in his home country, at location X, must connect to the home network. When the user travels to location Y, he is still within the coverage area for the home network, and so must remain connected to the home network. However, when the user travels to location Z, he is out of coverage for the home network and initially appears to roam in a foreign network. In addition to an IMSI intermediary that provides a local IMSI for the new country, the home network is able to determine from the mobile phone's current location which of the available networks is the preferred network. In Figure 12, a network coverage area for a second foreign network 814 is shown by dashed circle 816. Location Z is within coverage areas 812, 816 for both the first and second foreign network, and so, with Based on a list of network preferences, the home network the user is registered to is able to determine which network the user should connect to. If necessary, the mobile phone will be instructed to disconnect from a less preferred network before connecting to the preferred network. In addition, an IMSI intermediary may be arranged to obtain a local IMSI for the preferred network, as opposed to an IMSI that is local for the new territory.
[0239] This IMSI broker server instruction to change IMSIs is referred to as a "push". The benefit of using server-initiated IMSI switching is that much more information is known to the server about the current state of networks, costs, and user location than is known to software running on SIM. The ability to switch IMSIs under software control must be done in conjunction with the understanding that the SIM needs to be able to reconnect to the HLR by performing an emergency reconnection process, such a process will also be necessary if the contact is lost with a network being treated as "domestic" if there is no physical network associated with the HLR and the different IMSIs are pairs. To be more specific, if a SIM is network instructed, pushed to a different IMSI and after a period of time (about 5 minutes) is not able to connect, it should rescan all its IMSIs in order to connect to the HLR.
[0240] When an IMSI is chosen and is connected to the HLR and the HLR confirms that this is a trusted link, either through active acknowledgment or simply no objection is made after a period of time, then the SIM should signal to the device and other apps running on the SIM that has changed and other apps should behave accordingly. For example, by changing the SIM and a stability period of 3 minutes, the SIM could signal all companion apps on the SIM that an IMSI is now stable and other apps can report the information or log into the system.
[0241] Applications (software) on SIM and device may need to be aware of the IMSI exchange process to function properly. The SIM must track the IMSI exchange process and must be able to inform applications on the SIM and on the handset of the current status and when a change of that status occurs. The SIM can also be entered by the user. Applications on the SIM or on the device may also be able to query the SIM to find out the status of an IMSI selection. A variety of mechanisms can be used for this status indication, including a specific SIM interface message, a specific SIM-based web service, a specific usage of a SIM toolkit message, or owner SIM file. The SIM can decide that an IMSI exchange is stable based on time, a specific number of messages from the SIM since the last authentication, after an IMSI change, or on a specific message from the HLR or network.
[0242] A minimum of 4 states must be performed by SIM; (A) initialized: this state means that the SIM has not yet determined which network it should be connected to. It is typically the state the SIM is in after power on or reset. (B) IMSI change: this state means that SIM has determined that it needs to use a different IMSI and that an IMSI change process has not yet been completed. (C) IMSI Stable: This state means the SIM has already determined that it is in the correct IMSI and that an IMSI selection has stabilized. (D) no service available: this status means that the SIM has exhausted its rules and has not been able to use an IMSI that will release the service. As described above, the SIM must repeatedly try to elect an IMSI, which is valid so that it can exit this state. The SIM state diagram illustrated in Figure 17 shows the SIM initially not in the initialized state (A). If it determines that the IMSI is correct, it changes the state to stable IMSI (C). If it determines that a SIM change is required, it changes state to IMSI change (B). From the IMSI change state (B), once the SIM determines that the device has successfully registered to the correct IMSI and it is stable, the SIM changes to the stable IMSII state (C). If the SIM runs out of all the IMSIs it can use and is unable to register with any of them, it switches to the no service available state (D) and should try to reset to A after a predetermined time. If the SIM is in stable IMSI state (C) and an event happens that requires an IMSI change (eg country change), then change the state to IMSI change (B).
[0243] In one modality, the Intelligent Network comprises a local network manager that monitors network registrations and location updates and makes the handsets register again in a more favorable network.
[0244] In one modality, the mobile phone communicates with the logistics that include a set of network operators available for an IMSI intermediary to influence the IMSI selection rules. The IMSI intermediary comprises a rules manager that is arranged to add the IMSIs and/or mobile network operators to the available search to provide additional choices. Furthermore, the rules may be updated depending on changes in the reciprocal agreements between the networks.
[0245] In one modality, a new IMSI is dynamically assigned to a currently connected handset causing it to register with a newly assigned network.
[0246] In one modality, the network selection and IMSI grant can be based on theoretical network preferences for a given location, without depending on the networks that appear to be available for the mobile phone.
[0247] By basing the network selection decisions on theoretical network preferences, the host may be able to determine that, for a given location X, that networks A, B and C are theoretically available. The host can know that network C is the preferred network for routing low cost calls. However, the mobile phone may only be able to detect/choose networks A and B. In one modality, host can send an instruction to the mobile phone to remove from the current network (may be A or B) and rescan (at full power) for available networks in an attempt to ensure that the mobile phone connects to the preferred network. In this sense, the host is also willing to ensure that the mobile phone has or is granted with an appropriate IMSI for that network, at that location.
[0248] In addition, when IMSIs/networks are removed from an IMSI/preferred networks search list, all currently assigned IMSIs (for those excluded networks) are invalidated and all SIMs currently registered with the IMSIs are registered again with a valid network. Incoming Call Signaling
[0249] Referring to figures 13 and 14, a call received from a non-subscriber (PSTN shown) is either routed directly to the HPLMN/HLR system or through the visited HLR to the home HLR. This ensures that the system always has optimal control of call routing, CLI presentation and call charges. Depending on the layout of the visited network, the incoming call may initially be routed directly to the HPLMN/HLR system or to the visited network. In the latter case, then, either the signaling is redirected to the system's HLR or the visited HLR fetches data from the system's HLR to determine call routing and presentation. Incoming Call Routing
[0250] Incoming calls to a subscriber user are preferably made by calling a local number which the user is known in the territory of the calling person, alternatively it is possible for the subscriber to receive a call by calling any of the subscriber numbers from anywhere, although the caller may not get the best prices in this case.
[0251] In addition, the subscriber can configure additional routing rules, eg time-based rules modified based on time and location, so that the caller can be optimally routed to the phone's subscriber, your voicemail or another colleague in your office. Wherever the voice message is one that is joined through all or some of the user's IMSIs or MSISDNs, it may be desirable to positively identify with the voice mail which of the user's numbers was actually called. Another use of this rules processor could be for when the caller is not aware of the subscriber's time zone, so the time-based rules can optionally send a message informing them of this and whether they want to continue with a call. Figure 15 is a world map illustrating a method of creating user preference rules for incoming call routing based on location, real time, and time zone. This refers to: (a) the local numbers being used to call the subscriber in different parts of the world, as well as (b) weather rules (zone and time of day).
[0252] Outgoing calls have a different set of rules: when a subscriber calls one of their contacts, the CLI presentation is such that the contact preferably sees the subscriber's number, not just the one the contact goes to. recognize, but also as a low-cost number to call back.
[0253] In short, because all call or call signaling is controlled through the HLR/IN system, the rules that control call routing and CLI presentation can be applied to all incoming and outgoing calls so that the system can be optimized for the best user experience.
[0254] This approach also allows the user to determine that different MSISDNs may be treated differently, or be associated with a different service grant. In a conventional arrangement, supplementary services are activated or deactivated via SIM card, regardless of MSISDN or any other factor. Such ancillary services may concern caller line identification (such as CLIP for caller line identification presentation CLIR for caller restriction), but may also include services such as call transfer. For example, a user can have two MSISDNs: +14025551212 and 447408800000. The user can specify that call forwarding and CLIR will be provided to the US number but not the UK number. This can be implemented with the mediation of the IN home network, which is able to implement the actions that will be mediated through the home network or will be able to order the appropriate logical mobile phone grant in which the mobile phone application is required. Machine-to-machine communication
[0255] An increasingly important area for mobile communication is in machine-to-machine communication, in which a communication channel is opened between machines without the initiation or direct participation of a person. Use cases include security systems, asset tracking, automatic payment mechanisms, and remote detection, monitoring and measurement (3GPP TS 22.868 and ETSI TS 102 412 describe a number of use cases for such technology). As many of these use cases require frequent communication (if typically with low overall data transmission volumes), it is very desirable to be able to manage these effectively. The IMSI intermediary approach described here is particularly suited to such use cases. Additionally, practical issues associated with effective machine-to-machine communication are discussed in 3GPP TS 33.812, which would be considered by the skilled person in implementing a specific machine-to-machine solution.
[0256] The person skilled in the art will note that roaming applies to GSM networks, but also to CDMA as well as other cellular communication networks. CDMA systems generally do not have a separate SIM module, but instead contain all of the authentication information within the device. The person skilled in the art will note that this invention can be applied to CDMA systems using the same essential principles, but storing multiple credentials within the device's memory.
[0257] The examples used for the illustrations above refer mainly to mobile phone roaming. However, one of skill in the art will note that the techniques described herein may be suitable for communications routed over any combination of channels, including cellular, WiFi, VoIP, and landlines. For example, in some situations (where it is not possible to provide an IMSI from an FNO that is fully satisfactory for the intended purposes, for example), an IMSI intermediary may grant an IMSI that will allow access to a bearer who uses o SIP so that calls can be made over networks that use internet protocol. Also, the example illustrations here focus on voice calls. However, the same techniques apply when users are using their communication devices to access additional communication services, which include connecting to voicemail and connecting to other networks such as Skype and MSN. Similarly, these techniques can also be used for data services and sending text messages.
[0258] Increasingly, users browse internet servers or obtain public internet resources from their mobile phone. The use of an IMSI intermediary and an IN home network allows the user's internet experience to be determined by the user's preferences, rather than the user's network connection status. Typically, webpage preferences (for example) will be located on a user's network connection (for example, if a user is connected to a network operator in the UK, Google will find google.co.uk), as the local GPRS network will connect to the public internet through a GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) associated with this GPRS network (and, consequently, with its geographic location). Using the IN home network allows routing the connection so as to provide the proper location for the user, and therefore the correct preferences.
[0259] To provide consistency and continuity of service to the user, it may be desirable for the user to use a consistent APN, or set of APNs, when accessing data services. To do this, it may be necessary to make these APNs available, whichever IMSI the user is currently using. This could be done by making a set of home APNs available to each IMSI, or by providing a DNS proxy for a home DNS server and ensuring that the HLR grants permission to use the relevant APN or APN generally due to that user . Thus, a user can use many IMSIs while still connected to one or more home APNs for service concession.
[0260] In modalities where there is no physical network associated with the home network, then all home networks have equal priority. This can have practical advantages, for example it is then not necessary for the SIM to return to an IMIS from a home network for any service. Where such a domestic IMSI exists, it would be normal to return to this IMSI between outgoing calls, which would require re-verification and thus a time when the subscriber would be unavailable. Where all IMSIs have equal validity, then any one can be used for proper identification, password granting, etc., for any networks visited. Service selection decisions can be made to better serve the user, Selection can be made on the basis of the IMSI presented, but need not be, if another choice is advantageous.
[0261] A person skilled in the art will note that in an alternative embodiment, the mobile phone may be arranged to request a local ISMI after determining that a suitable ISMI is not stored within the SIM. The request can be made to an IMSI intermediary using OTA services. In this modality, an IMSI Intermediary would not need to receive notifications from the HLR verification against location updates, instead the IMSI Intermediary would simply perform the steps of obtaining and sending a local IMSI when requests are received from mobile devices.
[0262] In one modality, when a user moves to a new country and is given an IMSI for that country, the option to add this new country to a roaming profile can be offered to the user (stored in the user's database , which is pointed out from the HLR), so that they can benefit from lower calling and receiving rates. However, the decision on issuing IMSIs can be made independent of any user interaction, such that the system can guarantee the lowest connection rates for all call routing.
[0263] As mentioned above, an aspect of the present invention tracks subscriber identifiers of the network and can switch between the practical identifiers without losing sight of the primary identity of the customer. The customer's primary identity is usually a unique human being (but can be a machine or sometimes a business entity such as a department). Identifiers are generally the customer's IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identification) that resides in a SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) or their telephone number MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber Identification Number) or other important identifiers , such as MAC address, IP address, email address and IMEI (Mobile Equipment Identifier) number. Also, references to identification authentication may include username and password details rather than an IMSI.
[0264] As noted above, IMSIs and MSISDNs can be exchanged when roaming to obtain advantageous pricing. It should be noted that other factors can be used to determine the most appropriate choice of IMSI. There may be alternative IMSIs of similar cost that differ in the services they can provide or support. Another factor, such as consistency of user experience, can be more important to a user than price. The following is a list of factors that can be used, as well as, or instead of, call cost when determining which of a set of suitable IMSIs or MSISDNs should be selected in a given situation:
[0265] - handset capability (one handset may be more compatible with one network than another, or be more effective on particular band frequencies);
[0266] - Service subscription level (data only rate may have a different selection process than voice and data rate);
[0267] - network reliability;
[0268] - Possibility of load sharing on connection links;
[0269] - Reported Quality of Service (may vary with time of day, for example);
[0270] - (for MSISDNs) to present a consistent identification for a handset, network or contactless application.
[0271] A person skilled in the art will note that IMSIs can be reloaded into SIMS in many different ways. For example, travel itineraries can be used to reload IMSIs into the handset for areas visited in advance. This can be done predictably (for example, if a UK-based user is detected in Singapore, a travel hub for much of Asia, the user can be awarded not only an IMSI for Singapore, but a set of IMSI throughout the Asian area). In addition, an online travel company data feed can be used to optimize IMSI assignment. In addition, a user's travel history can be used to reload new IMSIs on a mobile device. In one embodiment, IMSIs can be dynamically assigned to a mobile phone if the subscribing user visited a region more than a predefined number of times (eg 3 times) in the previous year. These approaches can be used to provide the user with a consistent user experience across almost any geographic location.
[0272] As the IMSI intermediary dynamically assigns IMSIs for a given IMSI to a given subscriber, additional information is stored as to whether an IMSI is "in use", "active user", "system active", or "inactive". The IMSI broker is able to control the provisioning of IMSIs, reusing the IMSIs as needed.
[0273] In order to provide consistency and continuity of service to the user, it may be desirable for the user to use a consistent APN, or set of APNs, when accessing data services. This requires making these APNs available, whatever IMSI the user is currently using. This could be done by making a home set of APNs available for each IMSI, or by providing a DNS proxy for a home DNS server and ensuring that the HLR grants permission to use the relevant APN or APN generally defined for that user . Thus, a user can use many IMSIs while still connected to one or more APNs for service granting.
[0274] The five common architectures that allow the handset to use APNs are described here as illustrated in Figure 16:
[0275] 1) Routing from - Roaming hub type 1. In this architecture, the handset (A) with a SIM or USIM (B) communicates through a visited 3GPP network (C) to the visited SGSN (D). The visited SGSN (D) then communicates with the multiple IMSI-aware HLRs (F) in the home network environment (G) to determine if the APN is allowed and where to route the data to this APN. In this case, the data is routed to a GTP transmission (H) in roaming hub (I). Roaming hub GTP transmission (H) uses a DNS server (J) to determine where to progressively route data. Typically this is for a GGSN(K) in the home environment (G). The GGSN (K) then routes the data to the destination internet/intranet environment (L).
[0276] 2) APN Routing - Roaming hub type 2. In this architecture, the handset (A) with a SIM or USIM (B) communicates through a visited 3GPP network (C) to the visited SGSN (D) . The visited SGSN (D) then communicates with the multiple IMSI-aware HLR (F) in the home network environment (G) to determine if the APN is allowed and where to route the data to this APN. In this case, data is routed to a GGSN (M) at a roaming hub (I). The roaming hub GGSN (M) uses a DNS server (J) to determine where to progressively route data. In this case, the roaming hub GGSN (M) then routes the data to the destination internet/intranet environment (L).
[0277] 3) APN Routing - National Roaming Type 1. In this architecture, the handset (A) with a SIM or USIM (B) communicates through a visited national roaming 3GPP network (C) to the visited SGSN (D). The visited SGSN (D) then communicates with the multiple IMSI-aware HLR (F) in the home network environment (G) to determine if the APN is allowed and where to route the data to this APN. In this case, the data is routed to a GTP transmission (N) on the visited network (C). GTP transmission (N) uses a DNS server (O) to determine where to progressively route data. Typically this is for a GGSN (K) in the home environment (G). The GGSN (K) then routes the data to the destination internet/intranet environment (L).
[0278] 4) APN Routing - national roaming type 2. In this architecture, the handset (A) with a SIM or USIM (B) communicates through a visited national roaming 3GPP network (C) to the visited SGSN (D). The visited SGSN (D) then communicates with the multiple IMSI-aware HLRs (F) in the home network environment (G) to determine if the APN is allowed and where to route the data to this APN. In this case, the data is routed to a GTP transmission (P) on the home network (G). GTP transmission (P) uses a DNS server (Q) to determine where to progressively route data. Typically this is for a GGSN (K) in the home environment (G). The GGSN (K) then routes the data to the destination internet/intranet environment (L).
[0279] 5) APN routing - own network. In this architecture, the handset (A) with a SIM or USIM (B) communicates through the 3GPP home network (G) to the SGSN (R). The home SGSN (R) then communicates with multiple IMSI-aware (F) HLRs in the home network environment (G) to determine if the APN is allowed and where to route the data to this APN. In this case, the data is routed to a GTP transmission (P) on the home network (G). GTP transmission (P) uses a DNS server (Q) to determine where to progressively route data. Typically this is for a GGSN (K) in the home environment (G). The GGSN (K) then routes the data to the destination internet/intranet environment (L).
[0280] In one embodiment, a SIM database as indicated below can be used to store the IMSI and PLMN data related to the use of an IMSI. This shows how a large amount of information controlling the search and selection algorithm in SIM can be stored in a space-efficient way. In conjunction with the SIM application software, written for this specific database design, the database stores the primary search keys and optional secondary search keys. Database records also contain other information that is required by the terminal when the record is determined as optimal for the user by the SIM software.

0..9 HPLMN OPLMN EHPLMN Specific A pointer to the #MNC list to specify H/O/E only. Not to match B RFU C RFU HPLMN OPLMN EHPLMN D RFU to MCC+MNC match and H/O/E specify E Wild If the first MNC is all F then the following entry is extra Fill *IMSI offset in NC file *NC I 1 Pointer to the file containing the ASCII identifier attached to 'Truphone', eg 'Truphone US or Truphone NZ' IMSI IMSI SMSc (*) keys 1+8 12 117 or 1 country IMSI 22 key encoding sets of key 117 encoding key sets encoding key sets NC #MNC MNC MNC
[0281] COUNTRY is a proposed registry structure, as shown above, where:
[0282] The MCC contains the data that the SIM application will use to match a country code sent back from the handset.
[0283] The MNC optionally contains carrier code data for secondary matching and/or direct replacement of xPLMN data in the EF file file. It can also contain a reference (pointer) to a secondary list that contains more entries of similar information.
[0284] *NC is an offset in a database file that contains the text columns used for the network identifier suffixes
[0285] *lMSI is an offset or pointer in a database file that contains a list of IMSIs to be used for a given record selection
[0286] IMSI is an IMSI database file
[0287] KEYS is a database file of network encoding keys referenced by the key entry (<*>) in an IMSI database file
[0288] #MNC is an expansion to the correspondence or operational MNC codes used within a country
[0289] When the SIM application is triggered to run or from an event originating from a telephone handset or a SIM polling mechanism that indicates that a change in the connected network may have occurred, the SIM application searches through the database for a match based on the country code contained in the handset information or the polling engine can match a record or, optionally, records in the database. The SIM application may optionally perform secondary matching procedures which can be repeated or nested as required, as indicated by the data contained in the corresponding secondary records in the database records. If the SIM application determines that the new operational data is necessary for the terminal to function correctly on the currently detected network, the SIM application can then read from the SIM database and build and format the data structures in preparation for writing said data structures to the data files. EF data from primary SIM.
[0290] SIM EF data files can be written with the new data as determined by the SIM software at arbitrary times or optionally at conditioned times, but not limited to time of day, geographic location, weather conditions. network or host network-specific signals.
[0291] Operational data contained in said selected database record may optionally contain primary data or optionally nested links or pointers to additional operational data contained in other SIM database files.
[0292] Optionally, the modality may contain the default or fault data records for use under the condition that a match to a specific record is not made by the SIM algorithm.
[0293] The database is flexible to optionally allow matching and selection based on, but not limited to, country geographic regions consisting of multiple countries, networks within countries or geographic regions, and can optionally use condition such as, but not limited to, time, date, geographic information, GPS data, network conditions, or host network-specific signals.
[0294] The data contained in the database can optionally be used to determine the PLMN to connect to, preferably to avoid connecting to or actively disconnecting from the PLMNs
[0295] The SIM database can optionally be preloaded at manufacturing, or can be modified by OTA information sent from the host system.
[0296] The term territory as used in the present invention means any specific location, this can be in terms of countries, regions and even possible for certain networks.
[0297] The terms mobile phone, telephone apparatus, mobile terminal, communications device may be considered to be within the interchangeable scope of this document.
[0298] A person skilled in the art will note that the present invention is not limited to the details of the described embodiments, on the contrary, numerous changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims .

权利要求:
Claims (19)
[0001]
1. Method for managing the automatic granting of a subscriber network identifier from a central network server (108) to a subscriber communication device (10), the method characterized in that it comprises the steps of: receiving notifying (200) at the central server that it refers to a change in current location for the subscribing device; determining (202) from the notification and from a list of subscriber network identifiers allocated to the subscriber device whether or not a new subscriber network identifier should be granted from the central server; selecting a subscriber network identifier based on the current location, if the determining step determines that a new subscriber network identifier is to be granted; and issuing (204) a selected subscriber network identifier for transmission to the subscriber device and adding (206) the selected subscriber network identifier to the list of subscriber network identifiers allocated to the subscriber device.
[0002]
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the subscriber network identifier is an International Mobile Subscriber Identification, abbreviated as IMSI.
[0003]
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the receiving step comprises receiving a notification from an HLR scan (550), the HLR scan (550) being arranged to detect a message of location update message (602) received by an Origin Location Register, abbreviated as HLR, (111) to which the subscriber device is subscribed, the location update message (602) corresponding to the change in the device's current location subscriber.
[0004]
4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the HLR (111) is not associated with a specific physical network infrastructure for radio communication with subscriber devices.
[0005]
5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the step of determining comprises: retrieving an IMSI list (109) from the HLR (111) to the subscriber device, the IMSI list (109 ) comprising all IMSIs (108) that are allocated to the subscriber device; and determining whether the IMSI list (109) comprises an IMSI that is suitable for the current location of the subscriber device.
[0006]
6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the step of determining shows whether an IMSI is suitable based on the preferences previously determined for the subscriber device.
[0007]
7. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the selection step comprises obtaining a local IMSI (108) from an IMSI group comprising a plurality of IMSIs for different locations, being that the local IMSI is selected from a subset of IMSIs suitable for the current location.
[0008]
8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the step of issuing comprises sending the local IMSI to an OTA module (103) for transmission to the subscriber device.
[0009]
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the step of issuing further comprises issuing a set of rules that refers to the moment when the local IMSI must be used by the subscriber device.
[0010]
10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the step of issuing further comprises issuing a corresponding MSISDN for the selected IMSI.
[0011]
11. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises updating the HLR (111) when the local IMSI was granted to the subscriber device.
[0012]
12. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises obtaining an identification of the preferred calling number, abbreviated as CLI, from a database containing a plurality of CLIs for the device subscriber; and issue the preferred CLI for use when completing the communication channel setup.
[0013]
13. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the receiving step comprises receiving a communication message from the subscriber communication device that indicates a change in the current location.
[0014]
14. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it further comprises associating the different complementary services to the different subscriber network identifiers.
[0015]
15. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it further comprises allowing access to data services in a consistent manner for some or all of the subscription network identifiers for the subscriber device.
[0016]
16. Central network server for managing the automatic granting of a subscriber network identifier to a subscriber communication device, the server characterized by the fact that it comprises: a receiver arranged to receive notification regarding a change in current location for the subscriber device; an identification verifier arranged to determine from the notification and from a list of subscriber network identifiers allocated to the subscriber device whether a new subscriber network identifier should be granted from the server; an identification updater arranged to select a subscriber network identifier based on the current location, if the determining step determines that a new subscriber network identifier is to be granted, and updating the list of subscriber network identifiers allocated to the device subscriber with the selected subscriber's network identifier; and a sending module (108) arranged to output the selected subscriber's network identifier for transmission to the subscriber device.
[0017]
17. Method of connecting to a preferred network in a communication device, the method characterized in that it comprises the steps of: providing notification to a central server that refers to a change in the current location for the communication device; receiving a subscriber network identifier granted in accordance with the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15, if the central server determines that the communication device is not connected to the preferred network; and disconnecting from a current network connection and reconnecting to the preferred network using the received subscriber's network identifier.
[0018]
18. Communication device characterized in that it comprises: storage means (546) for storing a list of subscriber network identifiers; processing means (544) for determining, where a new network connection is required, which subscriber network identifier to use to make a new network connection in accordance with selection rules stored in the storage means; and the means for accepting the update information over a network connection, wherein the update information comprises a subscriber network identifier granted in accordance with the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15, and wherein the device The communication function operates on the received update information to update the subscriber network identifier list and selection rules.
[0019]
19. Communication device according to claim 18, characterized in that the communication device is adapted, upon receipt of updated information, to interrupt an existing network connection and make a new network connection in accordance with the rules selection keys.

类似技术:

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BR112012006522B1|2021-05-25|method and central network server for managing the automatic granting of a subscriber network identifier, method of connecting to a preferred network in a communication device and communication device

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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US9603000B2|2017-03-21|

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PL2481227T5|2021-11-22|

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PL2793493T3|2019-09-30|

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HK1179092A1|2013-09-19|

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WO2011036484A2|2011-03-31|

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US8406758B2|2013-03-26|

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SI2793493T1|2019-08-30|

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US20120282924A1|2012-11-08|

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GB2491993B|2013-03-06|

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JP6077048B2|2017-02-08|

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SMT201400190B|2015-01-15|

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AU2010299670B2|2014-06-19|

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PT2481227E|2014-11-04|

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HRP20141037T4|2021-10-29|

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HRP20141037T1|2015-02-13|

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HUE042818T2|2019-07-29|

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KR20130017080A|2013-02-19|

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EP2481227B1|2014-08-06|

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LT2793493T|2019-04-25|

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MY161939A|2017-05-15|

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CA2811156C|2017-10-24|

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ZA201202682B|2012-11-28|

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JP2013505658A|2013-02-14|

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US20170150435A1|2017-05-25|

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EP2793493B1|2018-10-24|

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GB201214495D0|2012-09-26|

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JP2015180080A|2015-10-08|

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AU2010299670A1|2012-05-10|

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US9113308B2|2015-08-18|

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CN102640526B|2016-12-21|

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EP2481227B2|2021-06-30|

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PL2481227T3|2015-02-27|

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PT2793493T|2019-01-29|

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BR112012006522A2|2016-04-26|

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WO2011036484A3|2011-06-16|

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US20150319602A1|2015-11-05|

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EP2793493A2|2014-10-22|

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MX2012003496A|2012-08-03|

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ES2521525T5|2022-01-28|

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GB2491993A|2012-12-19|

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CN102640526A|2012-08-15|

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DK2793493T3|2019-02-11|

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US10034232B2|2018-07-24|

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ES2707204T3|2019-04-02|

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SI2481227T1|2015-01-30|

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US20140031035A1|2014-01-30|

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HRP20190102T1|2019-05-17|

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EP2793493A3|2015-02-18|

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GB0916582D0|2009-10-28|

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CA2811156A1|2011-03-31|

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JP5746184B2|2015-07-08|

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ES2521525T3|2014-11-12|

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CY1115743T1|2017-01-25|

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EP2481227A2|2012-08-01|

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DK2481227T4|2021-10-04|

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CN109451482A|2019-01-03|2019-03-08|中国联合网络通信集团有限公司|Privacy number processing method, device and storage medium|

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US11140555B2|2019-06-18|2021-10-05|Cisco Technology, Inc.|Location-based identification of potential security threat|

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TWI695608B|2019-06-21|2020-06-01|中華電信股份有限公司|Mobile network address based verification system and method thereof|

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US10791507B1|2019-08-05|2020-09-29|Cisco Technology, Inc.|Facilitating reservation and use of remote radio unitsof radio providers for mobile service providers in virtualized radio access networkenvironments|

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GB2588088A|2019-09-30|2021-04-21|Truphone Ltd|Managing a secure element|

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JP6845914B2|2019-12-26|2021-03-24|エヌ・ティ・ティ・コミュニケーションズ株式会社|Communication equipment, connection control method and computer program|

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GB202001131D0|2020-01-27|2020-03-11|Truphone Ltd|Number Allocation|

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KR20210122488A|2020-04-01|2021-10-12|삼성전자주식회사|Electronic device and method for searching a rat in the electronic device supporting a plurality of communication networks|

法律状态:
2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2020-03-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-03-30| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-25| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 22/09/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. PATENTE CONCEDIDA CONFORME ADI 5.529/DF |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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GB0916582.0|2009-09-22|

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GBGB0916582.0A|GB0916582D0|2009-09-22|2009-09-22|Subscriber identification management broker for fixed/mobile networks|

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PCT/GB2010/051591|WO2011036484A2|2009-09-22|2010-09-22|Subscriber identification management broker for fixed/mobile networks|

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